Why do Christians disagree about what the Bible means?
The Devotional Answer
The devotional answer is that disagreements, while sometimes frustrating, do not undermine the fundamental unity of the Christian faith (Question 102). The core message of the Bible—the sinfulness of humanity, the deity and saving work of Jesus Christ (Question 49), and the necessity of faith—is clear (Question 123).
Disagreements often center on secondary issues. God, in His sovereignty, permits these differences so that we learn humility (Question 127) and are forced to rely on the Holy Spirit to guide us (Question 66) rather than relying solely on human tradition. Your primary focus must always be on the clear truths that lead to salvation and holiness.
The Simple Answer
Christians disagree on certain interpretations of the Bible because of a combination of human factors and the nature of the text itself:
Complexity of Interpretation (Hermeneutics): The Bible was written over 1,500 years, in three languages (Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek), across vast cultures (Question 128). Properly understanding the text requires skills in history, language, and literary context, where sincere readers can differ.
Difference Between Clarity and Ambiguity: While the Bible is clear on all matters necessary for salvation (perspicuity), it can be less explicit on minor issues, prophecy (Question 126), or specific practices, leaving room for legitimate debate.
Human Imperfection: All humans (including theologians) are flawed, carry cultural biases (Question 116), and may misunderstand or misapply the text due to pride, tradition, or incomplete study.
The Deeper Dive: Categories of Disagreement
Disagreements generally fall into three categories: Essentials, Non-Essentials, and Interpretation Methods.
1. Essentials vs. Non-Essentials
Essential Doctrines: These are core, non-negotiable truths that define Christian faith (e.g., the Trinity, the Resurrection, Salvation by Grace). True Christians do not disagree on these.
Non-Essential Doctrines (Adiaphora): These are secondary issues that allow for different beliefs while maintaining unity (e.g., the timing of the End Times, certain worship styles, specific church governance, or whether to celebrate Christmas, Question 121). Much disagreement happens here, but it should not cause division.
2. Differences in Literary Approach
The Bible uses different literary styles: narrative (history), law (Question 120), poetry, wisdom (Question 124), and highly symbolic prophecy (Revelation). Disagreements arise when readers interpret one type of literature using the wrong tools (e.g., reading a symbolic prophecy too literally, or a historical account too metaphorically).
3. Cultural and Historical Gaps
When interpreting ancient commands, differences emerge over what was universal moral law (binding forever) versus what was local custom (binding only for a specific time and culture). For example, debating the specific clothing commands (Question 128) versus the timeless moral commands (Question 120).
God's Assurance
God assures you that despite the differences among believers, He has given us His Word for the purpose of salvation and holiness, and He will personally ensure you find the truths you need.
“All Scripture is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness, so that the servant of God may be thoroughly equipped for every good work.” — 2 Timothy 3:16-17 (NIV)
You are assured that the Bible is fully sufficient to make you wise unto salvation (Question 118).
Your Takeaway Thought
Do not let disagreements paralyze your faith. When studying Scripture, hold tight to the Essentials (like the Lord's Prayer, Question 119, or the deity of Christ), and hold the Non-Essentials with humility and grace. Strive for unity in the essentials, liberty in the non-essentials, and charity in all things. Always seek to understand what the original author meant to his original audience before applying it to your life.
