Christians hold divided views on the death penalty, rooted in two biblical tensions. Support is often based on the State's authority to execute justice (Romans 13:4) and the Noahic Covenant (Genesis 9:6). Opposition is based on the sanctity of life, the irreversibility of error, and Christ's command to prioritize mercy and redemption (John 8:7). All Christians must unite to demand judicial fairness and preach the Gospel's power to transform even the worst offenders.

A Christian's decision to join the military involves balancing two biblical mandates: radical love and non-violence (Matthew 5:38–39) and submission to governing authorities who bear the sword to restrain evil (Romans 13:4). The majority position is Just War Theory, which allows participation only to defend the innocent. The minority position is Pacifism, which rejects all war. The individual must make the decision with a clear, prayerful conscience (Romans 14:5).  

A Christian affirms the separation of church and state as institutions to protect the Church's freedom and spiritual mission, based on Christ’s command to render to Caesar and to God (Matthew 22:21). The State has its distinct role of maintaining order (Romans 13:4). However, Christians must reject the separation of faith from public life, as they are commanded to be salt and light and advocate for biblical justice and morality in civil society (Matthew 5:13, 16).